Elevated liver enzymes are a common finding on liver function tests (LFTs) and can point to liver injury or inflammation. The primary enzymes assessed include:
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): Found mostly in the liver, ALT rises when liver cells are damaged.
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): This enzyme is present in several organs but is commonly associated with liver health.
When these enzymes are elevated, it signals potential liver damage, but the exact cause can vary.
- Common Causes of Elevated Liver Enzymes:
- Hepatitis: Both viral (hepatitis B, C) and autoimmune hepatitis can lead to elevated ALT and AST levels due to liver inflammation.
- Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption can cause liver inflammation, known as alcoholic hepatitis, leading to raised enzyme levels.
- Fatty Liver Disease: This includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where fat builds up in the liver, causing damage.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as statins or acetaminophen, can stress the liver and increase enzyme levels.
- Liver Cirrhosis: Long-term damage from alcohol, hepatitis, or fatty liver can lead to liver scarring and sustained enzyme elevations.
- Health Implications:
- Persistent elevated enzymes can indicate chronic liver disease, which, if untreated, can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure.
- Treatment Options:
- Addressing the Root Cause: Reducing alcohol, treating hepatitis, or adjusting medications.
- Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, healthy diet, and regular exercise can help manage fatty liver disease.
- Regular Monitoring: Routine LFTs to monitor liver health and response to treatment.
Recommended Tests:
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Test:
This test specifically measures ALT enzyme levels to detect liver inflammation and damage.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) - Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test:
This test helps evaluate liver function and assess alcohol-related liver damage or bile duct issues.
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
