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  4. Liver Function Test (LFT): Elevated Enzyme Levels Explained

Liver Function Test (LFT): Elevated Enzyme Levels Explained

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Elevated liver enzyme levels on a Liver Function Test (LFT) may indicate liver inflammation or damage. The most commonly measured enzymes are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are released into the bloodstream when liver cells are injured. High levels of these enzymes can be caused by conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcohol use, or medication effects. Treatment depends on addressing the underlying cause, such as managing viral infections, reducing alcohol consumption, or stopping harmful medications. Early detection and treatment can prevent further liver damage.

Elevated liver enzymes are a common finding on liver function tests (LFTs) and can point to liver injury or inflammation. The primary enzymes assessed include:

  • Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): Found mostly in the liver, ALT rises when liver cells are damaged.
  • Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): This enzyme is present in several organs but is commonly associated with liver health.

When these enzymes are elevated, it signals potential liver damage, but the exact cause can vary.

  • Common Causes of Elevated Liver Enzymes:
    • Hepatitis: Both viral (hepatitis B, C) and autoimmune hepatitis can lead to elevated ALT and AST levels due to liver inflammation.
    • Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption can cause liver inflammation, known as alcoholic hepatitis, leading to raised enzyme levels.
    • Fatty Liver Disease: This includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where fat builds up in the liver, causing damage.
    • Medications: Certain medications, such as statins or acetaminophen, can stress the liver and increase enzyme levels.
    • Liver Cirrhosis: Long-term damage from alcohol, hepatitis, or fatty liver can lead to liver scarring and sustained enzyme elevations.
  • Health Implications:
    • Persistent elevated enzymes can indicate chronic liver disease, which, if untreated, can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure.
  • Treatment Options:
    • Addressing the Root Cause: Reducing alcohol, treating hepatitis, or adjusting medications.
    • Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, healthy diet, and regular exercise can help manage fatty liver disease.
    • Regular Monitoring: Routine LFTs to monitor liver health and response to treatment.

Recommended Tests:

  1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Test:
    This test specifically measures ALT enzyme levels to detect liver inflammation and damage.
    Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
  2. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test:
    This test helps evaluate liver function and assess alcohol-related liver damage or bile duct issues.
    Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

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