Serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels are essential for evaluating liver health and function. ALT is an enzyme that helps convert proteins into energy for liver cells, but it becomes significant in blood tests when liver damage occurs.
- What ALT Measures:
- ALT is predominantly present in liver cells, so when these cells are damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream. Elevated ALT levels in the blood suggest liver injury or inflammation.
- Significance in Liver Function Tests (LFTs):
- ALT is one of the key markers in a liver function test panel, used to diagnose and monitor liver disease. It is particularly sensitive to conditions such as hepatitis (both viral and autoimmune), alcohol-related liver damage, fatty liver disease, and medication-induced liver toxicity.
- Interpreting ALT Levels:
- Normal Ranges: The typical range for serum ALT levels in healthy adults is between 7 and 56 U/L, though this may vary slightly depending on the laboratory.
- Elevated ALT: High ALT levels often suggest liver cell damage. ALT may rise in response to acute or chronic liver conditions, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or cirrhosis.
- Low ALT: Very low ALT levels are generally not a cause for concern but could reflect poor liver function in severe liver disease.
Regular ALT monitoring helps detect liver dysfunction early, enabling prompt medical intervention to prevent further damage.
Recommended Tests
- Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test: GGT is another liver enzyme that often rises along with ALT, particularly in cases of bile duct issues or alcohol-related liver damage.
- Total Bilirubin Test: Bilirubin is a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown, and high levels may indicate liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.
