The serum urea level is a blood test used to assess kidney function and the body’s ability to filter waste. High levels of urea, or uremia, often suggest impaired kidney function, dehydration, or other conditions affecting the kidneys. Conversely, low urea levels may be due to liver disease, malnutrition, or excessive hydration. Monitoring urea levels can help detect early signs of kidney disease or other health issues. It’s essential to interpret these results in conjunction with other tests like creatinine to get a full picture of kidney health.

The ALT (alanine aminotransferase) blood test measures liver enzyme levels, helping to assess liver function. Typically, high ALT levels are a marker of liver damage, but low ALT levels may also have significance. Low ALT levels are usually not concerning and can be a normal finding. However, they might indicate certain conditions, such as vitamin B6 deficiency or chronic liver disease in rare cases. In older adults or those with certain metabolic disorders, low ALT levels can also reflect declining liver function. Consulting with a healthcare provider is important for proper interpretation based on overall health.

The eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) blood test is a critical indicator of kidney function. It estimates how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. Results are calculated using your creatinine levels, age, gender, and race. A normal eGFR is typically above 90, while lower values can indicate declining kidney function. For example, eGFR between 60-89 may signal early kidney disease, and values below 60 could indicate more severe damage. Understanding your eGFR is essential for monitoring kidney health, especially for individuals with conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, which can lead to chronic kidney disease.

The Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) blood test is a key tool in assessing kidney function. It measures the amount of albumin, a protein, and creatinine, a waste product, in the urine. Elevated levels of albumin in the urine can signal kidney damage or dysfunction, especially in individuals with diabetes or high blood pressure. A normal ACR indicates that the kidneys are filtering proteins effectively, while a high ACR suggests kidney damage. Early detection of elevated ACR allows for timely medical intervention, helping to prevent further kidney deterioration.