The albumin blood test measures the amount of albumin, a protein made by the liver, in your blood. It plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and transporting essential substances like hormones and vitamins. Low albumin levels may indicate liver disease, kidney problems, or malnutrition, while normal levels typically range from 3.4 to 5.4 g/dL. The test helps assess liver function by checking how well the liver is producing proteins and kidney health by identifying whether proteins are being lost in the urine, a sign of kidney disease.

The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. A faster-than-normal rate may indicate inflammation in the body, which can be associated with conditions like infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers. A high ESR result suggests the presence of inflammation but doesn’t pinpoint the specific cause. Therefore, the ESR test is often used alongside other tests to diagnose and monitor inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, and to track the effectiveness of treatments.

The INR (International Normalized Ratio) blood test is used to assess how long it takes for your blood to clot. It's crucial for people taking blood-thinning medications like warfarin, as it ensures that their blood clots properly—neither too quickly nor too slowly. A normal INR for someone not on anticoagulants is 0.8 to 1.2. For those on blood thinners, the target range is typically between 2.0 and 3.0. Abnormal results can indicate an increased risk of bleeding (high INR) or clot formation (low INR), making regular monitoring essential for managing conditions like atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis.

The haematocrit blood test measures the percentage of red blood cells in your blood. Red blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen throughout your body, and their concentration can reveal vital information about your overall blood health. A normal haematocrit range for men is typically 40-54%, and for women, it’s 36-48%. Abnormal levels may indicate conditions like anemia (low haematocrit) or polycythemia (high haematocrit). This test is crucial for diagnosing various blood disorders and understanding your body's ability to transport oxygen effectively, ensuring proper organ function and overall health.