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Understanding Cyclothymia and ADHD: A Comprehensive Guide to Dual Diagnosis


Explore cyclothymia and ADHD dual diagnosis, symptoms, and management strategies for improved mental health.
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A high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood can indicate a range of conditions, primarily related to the liver, bones, or bile ducts. ALP is an enzyme found in several tissues, and elevated levels often point to liver disease, such as hepatitis or bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders, like Paget’s disease or osteomalacia. To determine the exact cause, further testing may be required, including liver function tests or bone imaging studies. Treating the underlying condition is key to managing high ALP levels.

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A full blood count (FBC) measures red and white blood cell levels, offering insight into overall health. Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues, and a low count may indicate anemia, while a high count can suggest dehydration or heart disease. White blood cells (WBCs) help fight infection. Elevated WBCs can indicate inflammation or infection, while low WBC levels may suggest immune deficiencies or bone marrow disorders. By analyzing these counts, healthcare providers can detect various conditions, from infections to blood disorders, and guide further testing or treatment.

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The creatinine clearance test measures how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. It evaluates kidney function by comparing creatinine levels in your blood and urine over a 24-hour period. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and excreted by the kidneys. A creatinine clearance test helps diagnose kidney diseases or monitor kidney function, especially in individuals with chronic kidney disease or at risk due to diabetes, hypertension, or other conditions. It provides a more accurate picture of kidney function than blood tests alone.

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ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are key liver enzymes measured in blood tests to assess liver function. ALT is primarily found in the liver and indicates liver cell damage, while AST is found in various organs, including the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels of either enzyme can suggest liver injury or disease, but ALT is more liver-specific. Both tests are essential in diagnosing conditions like hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or liver damage caused by alcohol or medications. Doctors use these results together to provide a clearer picture of liver health.

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