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Essential blood tests for runners – how to monitor health and improve performance


Running is a test of endurance, strength, and mental resilience. Whether someone is training for a 10K or a full marathon, physical preparation often takes center stage. However, the internal state of the body is just as crucial for success. Blood tests provide an in-depth look at an athlete’s overall health, offering valuable data that can help fine-tune training, improve recovery, and prevent injuries.With the Hampton Court Palace 10K on March 22 and the Hampton Court Palace Half Marathon on March 23, many runners are fine-tuning their training and recovery strategies. Alongside physical preparation, more athletes are incorporating health monitoring—such as blood tests—into their routines to track key performance indicators and prevent deficiencies.Sports science experts highlight the importance of proactive health assessments, particularly in endurance events, where factors like iron levels, vitamin deficiencies, and inflammation markers can significantly impact performance and recovery. Laboratory testing allows runners to identify potential imbalances before race day, helping them make informed adjustments to their nutrition, training load, and recovery plans.
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High ferritin levels, indicating excess iron in the body, can lead to potential health issues like liver damage and heart disease. To lower high iron stores, you can consider lifestyle changes such as reducing iron-rich foods (like red meat), avoiding vitamin C supplements with meals (which increase iron absorption), and increasing intake of calcium-rich foods. Phlebotomy (regular blood donations) or chelation therapy may also be prescribed by doctors in severe cases. Always consult a healthcare provider to determine the cause of high ferritin and the best treatment approach for your specific situation.

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High T3 and T4 levels detected in a Thyroid Function Test (TFT) typically indicate an overactive thyroid or hyperthyroidism. These hormones control your metabolism, and elevated levels can lead to symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety. Common causes include Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, or excessive iodine intake. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage symptoms and prevent complications like heart problems or osteoporosis. Treatment options include medications to reduce thyroid hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery in severe cases.

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The HbA1c blood test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months. For people with diabetes, it's recommended to test every 3 to 6 months, depending on how well blood sugar is controlled. Non-diabetics, particularly those at risk for diabetes, may have the test annually during routine check-ups. Regular HbA1c testing is crucial for monitoring diabetes management, adjusting medications, and reducing the risk of complications. Consistently high HbA1c levels can indicate poor blood sugar control, leading to long-term issues like heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve problems.

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A Full Blood Count (FBC) is a common blood test that measures various components of your blood to assess overall health. It includes:Red Blood Cells (RBC): Indicates oxygen-carrying capacity.White Blood Cells (WBC): Reflects immune system activity.Hemoglobin (Hb): Oxygen transport in the blood.Hematocrit (Hct): Percentage of red blood cells in the blood.Platelets: Helps with blood clotting.These components provide insight into conditions like anemia, infections, and clotting disorders, making FBC a vital tool in routine health monitoring.

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