Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Normal hemoglobin levels range from 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) for men and 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL for women. Low hemoglobin may indicate anemia, leading to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. High hemoglobin levels, on the other hand, could suggest conditions such as dehydration, lung disease, or heart disease. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin through blood tests is crucial for identifying potential health issues early and maintaining overall health.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. When you eat, your body converts excess calories into triglycerides, which are stored in fat cells. High triglyceride levels can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and pancreatitis. Normal levels are below 150 mg/dL, while borderline-high is 150-199 mg/dL, and high levels are 200 mg/dL or more. Managing triglycerides involves healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and reducing alcohol intake. Monitoring triglyceride levels through routine blood tests is crucial for maintaining heart health.

Creatinine is a waste product generated by muscle metabolism and filtered out by the kidneys. A creatinine blood test helps evaluate kidney function, as elevated levels can indicate impaired kidney health. Normal creatinine levels vary depending on age, sex, and muscle mass but generally range from 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. High creatinine levels may signal kidney disease or other conditions affecting kidney function. Early detection through regular testing is crucial for preventing further damage and managing kidney health effectively.

HbA1c, or glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that reflects average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It plays a critical role in diabetes management by providing a long-term overview of blood glucose control. A normal HbA1c level is typically below 5.7%, while prediabetes ranges from 5.7% to 6.4%, and diabetes is diagnosed at 6.5% or higher. Managing HbA1c levels helps prevent complications related to diabetes, such as heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney problems. Regular monitoring is essential for anyone at risk of or living with diabetes.