Low levels of urea and electrolytes in the blood test can indicate issues with kidney function, malnutrition, or liver disease. Urea, a waste product produced when the body metabolizes protein, is primarily removed by the kidneys. Low urea levels can suggest liver dysfunction, inadequate protein intake, or overhydration. Electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, and chloride, play critical roles in nerve function, hydration, and muscle contraction. Low electrolyte levels may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, or confusion, and could indicate conditions like kidney disease, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications' side effects.

Normal serum urea levels range between 2.5-7.1 mmol/L (7-20 mg/dL), and they play a critical role in assessing kidney health. Urea is a waste product formed when the liver breaks down proteins, and the kidneys filter it from the blood. Maintaining normal urea levels is essential for proper kidney function and overall metabolic health. Abnormal urea levels may indicate kidney issues, dehydration, or high protein intake. Monitoring serum urea levels through routine blood tests helps in early detection and management of kidney diseases and other related conditions.

A high ALT (alanine aminotransferase) level in a blood test typically indicates liver damage or inflammation. ALT is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, and elevated levels often suggest conditions like hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis. Other potential causes include alcohol use, medication side effects, and viral infections. Monitoring ALT levels helps assess liver health and diagnose liver-related conditions. Treatment depends on addressing the underlying cause, such as lifestyle changes, medications, or medical interventions to protect and restore liver function.

Low estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) levels suggest reduced kidney function. eGFR measures how well your kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Low levels typically indicate chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may progress over time if not managed. Causes include diabetes, hypertension, and kidney infections. Treatment options focus on managing the underlying cause, controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, dietary changes, and medication. Early detection through regular blood tests is key to preventing further kidney damage.