The Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) blood test measures TSH levels to assess thyroid function. Normal TSH levels typically range between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/L, but these can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and age. Maintaining normal TSH levels is crucial for regulating thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which control metabolism, energy levels, and overall health. Abnormal TSH levels can indicate conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Monitoring TSH levels is essential for diagnosing thyroid disorders and guiding treatment to ensure optimal thyroid function and health.

Low calcium levels in a bone profile blood test, known as hypocalcemia, can indicate various health concerns. Calcium is essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Low levels may result from conditions like vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, or kidney disease. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can include muscle cramps, numbness, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, such as increasing dietary calcium, vitamin D supplements, or managing chronic health issues like kidney disease. It’s important to seek medical advice if low calcium levels are detected, especially if symptoms are present.

High bilirubin levels in a liver function test (LFT) indicate potential liver dysfunction or other underlying health issues. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. When the liver isn’t functioning properly, bilirubin builds up in the blood, leading to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Elevated bilirubin may signal conditions such as liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or hemolytic anemia. Treatments focus on addressing the underlying cause, such as improving liver function, treating infections, or removing blockages in the bile duct.

The urea and electrolytes blood test assesses kidney function and electrolyte balance. High urea levels usually indicate impaired kidney function, dehydration, or a high-protein diet, while low levels suggest malnutrition or liver disease. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride are also measured. High electrolyte levels may point to dehydration, kidney issues, or certain medications, while low levels can indicate fluid overload, hormonal imbalances, or acute illness. Regular monitoring of urea and electrolyte levels helps diagnose and manage conditions like kidney disease and electrolyte disturbances, both of which have serious health implications if left untreated.