Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues, primarily in the liver and muscles. High AST levels in a blood test often indicate liver damage, muscle injury, or other tissue damage, such as from hepatitis or heart disease. Low AST levels are less concerning but may be linked to deficiencies like vitamin B6. While high levels often warrant further investigation into liver or muscle health, low levels rarely indicate significant health issues. If AST levels are abnormal, additional tests can help identify the cause and determine appropriate treatment.

High serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels often indicate liver damage or stress. ALT is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and when liver cells are damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream, raising its levels. Common causes of elevated ALT include liver conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver damage, and certain medications. High ALT levels can also signal non-liver-related issues like muscle damage. If elevated ALT levels are detected in a blood test, it’s important to follow up with a healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause and begin appropriate treatment.

Low phosphate levels, also known as hypophosphatemia, can have a significant impact on your health. Phosphate is essential for energy production, muscle function, and maintaining strong bones. When levels drop, it can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone problems. Causes include malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, certain medications, and underlying conditions like kidney disease or hyperparathyroidism. If your phosphate levels are consistently low, it is important to seek medical evaluation, as treatment may involve dietary changes, supplements, or addressing the underlying cause to restore balance and maintain overall health.

Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels can indicate changes in prostate health. While higher PSA levels are often linked to prostate cancer, they may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate). PSA levels naturally increase with age, but significant rises may signal the need for further evaluation. If your PSA levels are elevated, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a biopsy or imaging, to rule out or confirm prostate cancer and guide treatment options.