Serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels are measured in a blood test to assess liver health. ALT is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, and its levels rise when liver cells are damaged or inflamed. Normal ALT levels typically range from 7 to 56 units per liter (U/L), although the range may vary slightly between labs. Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis, while significantly low levels are rare but may point to nutritional deficiencies. Monitoring ALT helps detect liver damage early, aiding timely treatment.

Serum creatinine is a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine, a waste product produced by muscles, in your bloodstream. This test helps assess how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood. Normal levels vary depending on age, sex, and muscle mass. Elevated creatinine levels may indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease. Conversely, lower-than-normal levels may be seen in individuals with low muscle mass or certain chronic conditions. Regular monitoring of serum creatinine can help detect early signs of kidney dysfunction, making it a vital tool for kidney health assessment.

The Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) test measures the amount of albumin, a protein, in your urine relative to creatinine. This test is crucial for diabetics because it helps detect early signs of kidney damage. High levels of albumin in the urine (a condition called microalbuminuria) can indicate that the kidneys are not filtering blood effectively, which is a common complication of diabetes. By catching kidney issues early, the ACR test allows for timely intervention to prevent further kidney damage, making it an essential part of diabetes management.

A Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) blood test measures the levels of TSH, which regulates the production of thyroid hormones. It helps assess thyroid function and can indicate either an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) or an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). High TSH levels typically suggest hypothyroidism, while low TSH levels point toward hyperthyroidism. The TSH test is crucial for diagnosing thyroid disorders, guiding treatment, and monitoring the effects of thyroid medications. It’s often recommended if a person has symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, or irregular heartbeats, which could indicate thyroid dysfunction.