A serum iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood, which is essential for oxygen transport and energy production. Normal serum iron levels range from 60 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) for adults. Low iron levels can indicate iron deficiency, often leading to anemia, fatigue, and weakness. On the other hand, high iron levels may indicate iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis, which can damage the liver, heart, and other organs. Interpreting these results helps doctors manage conditions related to iron metabolism and guide treatment plans for maintaining healthy iron levels.

The BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide) blood test measures the levels of BNP, a hormone produced by the heart. Elevated BNP levels are often a sign of heart failure, as this hormone is released when the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently. The test is primarily used to diagnose and monitor heart failure, helping doctors assess its severity and guide treatment decisions. A BNP test can also help differentiate heart failure from other conditions causing similar symptoms, like shortness of breath or swelling. Normal BNP levels vary, but higher levels generally indicate worsening heart function.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a crucial marker for assessing thyroid function and diagnosing thyroid disorders. A TSH blood test measures the amount of this hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which regulates the thyroid. High TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism, where the thyroid is underactive and not producing enough hormones. Conversely, low TSH levels suggest hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid producing too much hormone. TSH testing is essential for monitoring thyroid conditions and determining the appropriate treatment, which may involve medications to regulate hormone levels, depending on whether thyroid function is too high or too low.

A Full Blood Count (FBC) is an essential test for detecting anemia. It measures various components of the blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. These elements are crucial in assessing the body's ability to carry oxygen. When levels fall below the normal range, it can indicate anemia, a condition characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Interpreting FBC results allows healthcare providers to determine the severity and type of anemia, helping to guide treatment. Regular FBC testing is critical for those at risk of anemia, such as people with chronic illnesses or nutritional deficiencies.