High red blood cell (RBC) counts, or erythrocytosis, occur when there are more RBCs than normal circulating in the bloodstream. This can happen due to several reasons, including living at high altitudes, chronic lung disease, heart disease, or conditions like polycythemia vera, a rare bone marrow disorder. Elevated RBC levels can also result from dehydration, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms of high RBCs include headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve phlebotomy (removing blood), medications, or lifestyle changes.

Abnormal creatinine clearance results can indicate kidney dysfunction. Creatinine clearance measures how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. Low creatinine clearance may point to impaired kidney function, often seen in conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD). High creatinine clearance is less common but can result from pregnancy, high protein intake, or increased muscle mass. Causes of abnormal results include dehydration, kidney damage, or certain medications. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, such as managing kidney disease or adjusting medications. Early detection is crucial for preventing further kidney damage.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in various tissues, primarily in the liver and muscles. High AST levels in a blood test often indicate liver damage, muscle injury, or other tissue damage, such as from hepatitis or heart disease. Low AST levels are less concerning but may be linked to deficiencies like vitamin B6. While high levels often warrant further investigation into liver or muscle health, low levels rarely indicate significant health issues. If AST levels are abnormal, additional tests can help identify the cause and determine appropriate treatment.

High serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels often indicate liver damage or stress. ALT is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and when liver cells are damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream, raising its levels. Common causes of elevated ALT include liver conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver damage, and certain medications. High ALT levels can also signal non-liver-related issues like muscle damage. If elevated ALT levels are detected in a blood test, it’s important to follow up with a healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause and begin appropriate treatment.