The HbA1c test measures the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It is a critical tool in diagnosing and managing diabetes. Higher HbA1c levels indicate poor blood sugar control, increasing the risk of complications like heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney issues. A normal HbA1c level for non-diabetic individuals is below 5.7%, while levels above 6.5% are typically indicative of diabetes. For diabetes management, keeping HbA1c levels below 7% is often a target to reduce long-term complications.

The Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) test measures the level of the ALP enzyme in your blood. ALP is primarily found in the liver and bones, so this test is vital for diagnosing liver or bone diseases. Elevated ALP levels may indicate liver conditions such as hepatitis or bile duct blockages, or bone issues like osteomalacia or Paget’s disease. Low levels are less common but can also signal certain health issues, such as malnutrition. The ALP test is often part of routine liver function tests and is critical in monitoring overall bone and liver health.

The Full Blood Count (FBC) is a comprehensive blood test that measures several key components of your blood. It provides essential information about your red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and platelets. By evaluating these elements, FBC helps diagnose various conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood clotting disorders. The test is often used as a routine health check, or when patients present symptoms like fatigue, weakness, or frequent infections, helping doctors monitor overall health and detect potential issues early.

Creatinine clearance is a crucial test used to assess how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood. It measures the amount of creatinine, a waste product from muscle metabolism, cleared from the body through the kidneys over a specific period. A healthy kidney efficiently removes creatinine, and abnormal levels may indicate kidney dysfunction. This test helps in diagnosing conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and monitoring kidney function in patients with known kidney issues. Normal creatinine clearance levels range between 90-140 mL/min for healthy adults, varying slightly by age and sex.