The AST (aspartate aminotransferase) blood test is used to assess the health of your liver and muscles. AST is an enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscles, and other tissues. When these tissues are damaged, AST is released into the bloodstream. Elevated AST levels can indicate liver damage, such as from hepatitis or alcohol-related disease, or muscle injury from conditions like muscular dystrophy. Normal AST levels range from 10 to 40 units per liter (U/L). This test is a vital component in diagnosing and monitoring conditions affecting both liver and muscle health.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are a key marker used to assess liver health. ALT is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and when liver cells are damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream. Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver damage from conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or alcohol-related liver issues. Normal ALT levels generally range between 7 and 56 units per liter (U/L). Regular monitoring of ALT levels through blood tests is crucial for early detection of liver dysfunction, enabling timely treatment and management of liver diseases.

Phosphate levels in your blood play a vital role in maintaining bone health, energy production, and overall cellular function. Phosphate, a mineral, works closely with calcium to keep your bones strong and healthy. Abnormal phosphate levels, either too high or too low, can signal various health problems. High phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia) may indicate kidney dysfunction, while low phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia) could be linked to malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or certain medications. Regular blood tests help monitor these levels, ensuring early detection of any imbalances that could impact bone and overall health.

The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test measures the levels of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in a man's blood. Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate cancer, but they may also reflect benign conditions like an enlarged prostate or infection. PSA testing is crucial for early detection of prostate cancer, especially in men over 50 or those at higher risk. Regular screening can help catch prostate cancer in its early stages when it's most treatable. However, abnormal PSA levels require further investigation to confirm the diagnosis, such as a biopsy or imaging.