HbA1c is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. In non-diabetics, HbA1c levels are typically below 5.7%. Higher levels, between 5.7% and 6.4%, may indicate prediabetes, a condition that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A level above 6.5% is used to diagnose diabetes. Even in non-diabetics, elevated HbA1c may signal a need for lifestyle changes to avoid future health issues. If your levels are high, seek medical advice to discuss possible risks and next steps.

A high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood can indicate a range of conditions, primarily related to the liver, bones, or bile ducts. ALP is an enzyme found in several tissues, and elevated levels often point to liver disease, such as hepatitis or bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders, like Paget’s disease or osteomalacia. To determine the exact cause, further testing may be required, including liver function tests or bone imaging studies. Treating the underlying condition is key to managing high ALP levels.

A full blood count (FBC) measures red and white blood cell levels, offering insight into overall health. Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues, and a low count may indicate anemia, while a high count can suggest dehydration or heart disease. White blood cells (WBCs) help fight infection. Elevated WBCs can indicate inflammation or infection, while low WBC levels may suggest immune deficiencies or bone marrow disorders. By analyzing these counts, healthcare providers can detect various conditions, from infections to blood disorders, and guide further testing or treatment.

The creatinine clearance test measures how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. It evaluates kidney function by comparing creatinine levels in your blood and urine over a 24-hour period. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and excreted by the kidneys. A creatinine clearance test helps diagnose kidney diseases or monitor kidney function, especially in individuals with chronic kidney disease or at risk due to diabetes, hypertension, or other conditions. It provides a more accurate picture of kidney function than blood tests alone.