The normal HbA1c range for non-diabetic individuals is typically between 4% and 5.6%. HbA1c, or glycated hemoglobin, reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. It’s an essential marker for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate prediabetes, while an HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes. Regular HbA1c monitoring is crucial for diabetes management, as it helps assess how well blood sugar is controlled and reduces the risk of long-term complications such as heart disease and kidney problems.

A urea blood test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood, a waste product produced by the liver during protein metabolism and removed by the kidneys. Elevated urea levels can indicate that the kidneys are not functioning properly, as they are responsible for filtering urea out of the bloodstream. Normal urea levels range from 7 to 20 mg/dL. High levels may signal kidney disease, dehydration, or excessive protein intake, while low levels might point to liver problems. Regular testing is crucial for assessing kidney function and ensuring overall health.

A C-reactive protein (CRP) blood test measures the level of CRP, a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Elevated CRP levels indicate inflammation in the body, which can be caused by infections, chronic diseases like arthritis, or cardiovascular conditions. While normal CRP levels are generally below 3 milligrams per liter (mg/L), higher levels may signal acute inflammation or an increased risk of heart disease. CRP tests are used to assess the severity of inflammation and guide diagnosis and treatment plans, making them crucial for monitoring overall health.

A bilirubin blood test measures the level of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. This test helps assess liver function, as bilirubin is processed and removed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate liver or bile duct problems, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or gallstones. Normal bilirubin levels are typically below 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Higher levels can lead to jaundice, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes. Monitoring bilirubin levels is essential for detecting liver dysfunction and preventing complications.